March 10, 2026
Which of the following sentences is false?
Given the following equation between languages X = (a + \lambda)X + b\ , which of the following sentences is false?
Given L=\{w\in \{0,1\}^* \mid \mathrm{value}_2(w)\in 3\mathbb N\}. Consider the sets
\{0,1\}\qquad \{0,1,10\}\qquad\{0,1,10,11\}
How many of them are L-distinguishible?
A set S is L-distinguishible if for every pair of distinct words w_1,w_2\in S, there is a word z s.t. exactly one between w_1z and w_2z is in L.
You want to show that L=\{a^nb^m \mid n\neq m\} is not a regular language applying the pumping lemma directly to L.
Given the pumping length p, you choose a word w as in the argument to apply the pumping lemma. Which of the following possibilities has a chance to make the rest of the argument correct?
Can a language be ambiguous?
No. Only grammars can be ambiguous or not.
Languages could be inherently ambiguous if they are context-free but every grammar generating them is ambiguous.
Classic example: \{a^ib^jc^k \mid i=j \lor j=k\}
When is a context-free grammar ambiguous?
There is no algorithm that always terminates and tells us whether a given grammar is ambiguous or not.
CFL are closed under
CFL are not closed under
A CFG G is in Chomsky Normal Form if all rules are of the form
Theorem 1 Every CFG G can be put in Chomsky Normal Form. (how?)
Depuration of CFGs: CFGs can be further simplified ensuring every non-terminal can eventually produce a word only made of terminals, and all non-terminals can be reached from the start symbol (how?).